Drake
Mobilizer< T > Class Template Referenceabstract

Mobilizer is a fundamental object within Drake's multibody engine used to specify the allowed motions between two Frame objects within a MultibodyTree. More...

#include <multibody/multibody_tree/mobilizer.h>

Inheritance diagram for Mobilizer< T >:
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Collaboration diagram for Mobilizer< T >:
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Public Member Functions

Mobilizer (const Frame< T > &inboard_frame, const Frame< T > &outboard_frame)
The minimum amount of information that we need to define a Mobilizer is the knowledge of the inboard and outboard frames it connects. More...

virtual int num_positions () const =0
Returns the number of generalized coordinates granted by this mobilizer. More...

virtual int num_velocities () const =0
Returns the number of generalized velocities granted by this mobilizer. More...

const Frame< T > & inboard_frame () const
Returns a constant reference to the inboard frame. More...

const Frame< T > & outboard_frame () const
Returns a constant reference to the outboard frame. More...

const Body< T > & inboard_body () const
Returns a constant reference to the body associated with this mobilizer's inboard frame. More...

const Body< T > & outboard_body () const
Returns a constant reference to the body associated with this mobilizer's outboard frame. More...

const MobilizerTopologyget_topology () const
Returns the topology information for this mobilizer. More...

Eigen::VectorBlock< const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T > > > get_positions_from_array (const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> &q_array) const
Returns a const Eigen expression of the vector of generalized positions for this mobilizer from a vector q_array of generalized positions for the entire MultibodyTree model. More...

Eigen::VectorBlock< Eigen::Ref< VectorX< T > > > get_mutable_positions_from_array (EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> q_array) const
Mutable version of get_positions_from_array(). More...

Eigen::VectorBlock< const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T > > > get_velocities_from_array (const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> &v_array) const
Returns a const Eigen expression of the vector of generalized velocities for this mobilizer from a vector v_array of generalized velocities for the entire MultibodyTree model. More...

Eigen::VectorBlock< Eigen::Ref< VectorX< T > > > get_mutable_velocities_from_array (EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> v_array) const
Mutable version of get_velocities_from_array(). More...

Eigen::VectorBlock< const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T > > > get_accelerations_from_array (const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> &vdot_array) const
Returns a const Eigen expression of the vector of generalized accelerations for this mobilizer from a vector vdot_array of generalized accelerations for the entire MultibodyTree model. More...

Eigen::VectorBlock< Eigen::Ref< VectorX< T > > > get_mutable_accelerations_from_array (EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> vdot_array) const
Mutable version of get_accelerations_from_array(). More...

Eigen::VectorBlock< const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T > > > get_generalized_forces_from_array (const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> &tau_array) const
Returns a const Eigen expression of the vector of generalized forces for this mobilizer from a vector of generalized forces for the entire MultibodyTree model. More...

Eigen::VectorBlock< Eigen::Ref< VectorX< T > > > get_mutable_generalized_forces_from_array (EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> tau_array) const
Mutable version of get_generalized_forces_from_array(). More...

template<typename ToScalar >
std::unique_ptr< Mobilizer< ToScalar > > CloneToScalar (const MultibodyTree< ToScalar > &cloned_tree) const
NVI to DoCloneToScalar() templated on the scalar type of the new clone to be created. More...

virtual std::unique_ptr< internal::BodyNode< T > > CreateBodyNode (const internal::BodyNode< T > *parent_node, const Body< T > *body, const Mobilizer< T > *mobilizer) const =0
For MultibodyTree internal use only. More...

Does not allow copy, move, or assignment
Mobilizer (const Mobilizer &)=delete

Mobilizeroperator= (const Mobilizer &)=delete

Mobilizer (Mobilizer &&)=delete

Mobilizeroperator= (Mobilizer &&)=delete

Methods that define a Mobilizer
virtual void set_zero_state (const systems::Context< T > &context, systems::State< T > *state) const =0
Sets the state to what will be considered to be the zero configuration for this mobilizer. More...

void set_zero_configuration (systems::Context< T > *context) const
Sets the state stored in context to a zero configuration as defined by set_zero_state(). More...

virtual Isometry3< T > CalcAcrossMobilizerTransform (const MultibodyTreeContext< T > &context) const =0
Computes the across-mobilizer transform X_FM(q) between the inboard frame F and the outboard frame M as a function of the vector of generalized postions q. More...

virtual SpatialVelocity< T > CalcAcrossMobilizerSpatialVelocity (const MultibodyTreeContext< T > &context, const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> &v) const =0
Computes the across-mobilizer spatial velocity V_FM(q, v) of the outboard frame M in the inboard frame F. More...

virtual SpatialAcceleration< T > CalcAcrossMobilizerSpatialAcceleration (const MultibodyTreeContext< T > &context, const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> &vdot) const =0
Computes the across-mobilizer spatial accelerations A_FM(q, v, v̇) of the outboard frame M in the inboard frame F. More...

virtual void ProjectSpatialForce (const MultibodyTreeContext< T > &context, const SpatialForce< T > &F_Mo_F, Eigen::Ref< VectorX< T >> tau) const =0
Projects the spatial force F_Mo on this mobilizer's outboard frame M onto the sub-space of motions spanned by the geometric Jacobian H_FM(q) to obtain the generalized forces tau (i.e. More...

virtual void MapVelocityToQDot (const MultibodyTreeContext< T > &context, const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> &v, EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> qdot) const =0
Computes the kinematic mapping q̇ = N(q)⋅v between generalized velocities v and time derivatives of the generalized positions qdot. More...

virtual void MapQDotToVelocity (const MultibodyTreeContext< T > &context, const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> &qdot, EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> v) const =0
Computes the mapping v = N⁺(q)⋅q̇ from time derivatives of the generalized positions qdot to generalized velocities v, where N⁺(q) is the left pseudo-inverse of N(q) defined by MapVelocityToQDot(). More...

Protected Member Functions

Methods to make a clone templated on different scalar types.

The only const argument to these methods is the new MultibodyTree clone under construction, which is required to already own the clones of the inboard and outboard frames of the mobilizer being cloned.

virtual std::unique_ptr< Mobilizer< double > > DoCloneToScalar (const MultibodyTree< double > &tree_clone) const =0
Clones this Mobilizer (templated on T) to a mobilizer templated on double. More...

virtual std::unique_ptr< Mobilizer< AutoDiffXd > > DoCloneToScalar (const MultibodyTree< AutoDiffXd > &tree_clone) const =0
Clones this Mobilizer (templated on T) to a mobilizer templated on AutoDiffXd. More...

Detailed Description

template<typename T> class drake::multibody::Mobilizer< T >

Mobilizer is a fundamental object within Drake's multibody engine used to specify the allowed motions between two Frame objects within a MultibodyTree.

Specifying the allowed motions between two Frame objects effectively also specifies a kinematic relationship between the two bodies associated with those two frames. Consider the following example to build a simple pendulum system:

MultibodyTree<double> model;
// ... Code here to setup quantities below as mass, com, X_BP, etc. ...
const Body<double>& pendulum =
// We will connect the pendulum body to the world frame using a
// RevoluteMobilizer. To do so we define a pin frame P rigidly attached to
// the pendulum body.
FixedOffsetFrame<double>& pin_frame =
pendulum.body_frame(),
X_BP /* pose of pin frame P in body frame B */);
// The mobilizer connects the world frame and the pin frame effectively
// adding the single degree of freedom describing this system. In this
// regard, the the role of a mobilizer is equivalent but conceptually
// different than a set of constraints that effectively remove all degrees
// of freedom but the one permitting rotation about the z-axis.
const RevoluteMobilizer<double>& revolute_mobilizer =
model.world_frame(), /* inboard frame */
pin_frame, /* outboard frame */
Vector3d::UnitZ() /* revolute axis in this case */));

Tree Structure

A Mobilizer induces a tree structure within a MultibodyTree model, connecting an inboard (topologically closer to the world) frame to an outboard (topologically further from the world) frame. Every time a Mobilizer is added to a MultibodyTree (using the MultibodyTree::AddMobilizer() method), a number of degrees of freedom associated with the particular type of Mobilizer are added to the multibody system. In the example above for the single pendulum, adding a RevoluteMobilizer has two purposes:

• It defines the tree structure of the model. World is the inboard body while "pendulum" is the outboard body in the MultibodyTree.
• It informs the MultibodyTree of the degrees of freedom granted by the revolute mobilizer between the two frames it connects.
• It defines a permissible motion space spanned by the generalized coordinates introduced by the mobilizer.

Mathematical Description of a Mobilizer

A Mobilizer describes the kinematics relationship between an inboard frame F and an outboard frame M, introducing an nq-dimensional vector of generalized coordinates q and an nv-dimensional vector of generalized velocities v. Notice that in general nq != nv, though nq == nv is a very common case. The kinematic relationships introduced by a Mobilizer are fully specified by, [Seth 2010]:

• X_FM(q): The pose of the outboard frame M as measured and expressed in the inboard frame F, as a function of the mobilizer's generalized positions. This pose is computed by CalcAcrossMobilizerTransform().
• H_FM(q): the geometric Jacobian matrix describing the relationship between generalized velocities v ∈ ℝⁿᵛ and the spatial velocity V_FM ∈ M⁶. This Jacobian can be thought of as the application: v ∈ ℝⁿᵛ → M⁶: V_FM(q, v) = H_FM(q) * v, where M⁶ is the vector space of "motion vectors" (be aware that while M⁶ is introduced in [Featherstone 2008, Ch. 2] spatial velocities in Drake are not Plücker vectors as in Featherstone's book). A Mobilizer implements this operator in the method CalcAcrossMobilizerSpatialVelocity().
• H_FMᵀ(q): The transpose of the geometric Jacobian H_FM(q) describing the relationship between the spatial force F_Mo_F ∈ F⁶ and the generalized forces tau ∈ ℝⁿᵛ, where F⁶ is the vector space of "force vectors" (be aware that while F⁶ is introduced in [Featherstone 2008, Ch. 2] spatial forces in Drake are not Plücker vectors as in Featherstone's book.) This mathematical object can be thought of as the application: F_Mo_F ∈ F⁶ → ℝⁿᵛ: tau = H_FMᵀ(q) * F_Mo_F, where Mo is M's origin (see Frames and Bodies for the monogram notation in use.) A Mobilizer implements this operator in the method ProjectSpatialForce().
• Hdot_FM(q, v): The time derivative of the Jacobian matrix involved in the computation of the spatial acceleration A_FM(q, v, v̇) between the F and M frames as the application: v̇ ∈ ℝⁿᵛ → M⁶: A_FM(q, v, v̇) = H_FM(q) * v̇ + Ḣ_FM(q, v) * v. A Mobilizer implements this application in CalcAcrossMobilizerSpatialAcceleration().
• N(q): The kinematic coupling matrix describing the relationship between the rate of change of generalized coordinates and the generalized velocities by q̇ = N(q)⋅v, [Seth 2010]. N(q) is an nq x nv matrix. A Mobilizer implements this application in MapVelocityToQDot().
• N⁺(q): The left pseudo-inverse of N(q). N⁺(q) can be used to invert the relationship q̇ = N(q)⋅v without residual error, provided that q̇ is in the range space of N(q) (that is, if it could have been produced as q̇ = N(q)⋅v for some v). The application v = N⁺(q)⋅q̇ is implemented in MapQDotToVelocity().

In general, nv != nq. As an example, consider a quaternion mobilizer that would allow frame M to move freely with respect to frame F. For such a mobilizer the generalized positions vector might contain a quaternion to describe rotations plus a position vector to describe translations. However, we might choose the angular velocity w_FM and the linear velocity v_FM as the generalized velocities (or more generally, the spatial velocity V_FM.) In such a case nq = 7 (4 dofs for a quaternion plus 3 dofs for a position vector) and nv = 6 (3 dofs for an angular velocity and 3 dofs for a linear velocity).

For a detailed discussion on the concept of a mobilizer please refer to [Seth 2010]. The Jacobian or "hinge" matrix H_FM(q) is introduced in [Jain 2010], though be aware that what [Jain 2010] calls the hinge matrix is the transpose of the Jacobian H_FM matrix here in Drake. For details in the monogram notation used above please refer to Spatial Algebra.

Mobilizer is an abstract base class defining the minimum functionality that derived Mobilizer objects must implement in order to fully define the kinematic relationship between the two frames they connect. Geometric and analytical Jacobian matrices in the context of differential kinematics are described in [Sciavicco 2000].

Relation between the analytical and geometric Jacobians

The time derivative of the across-mobilizer transform X_FM is intimately related to the across-mobilizer spatial velocity V_FM. This relationship immediately implies a relationship between the analytical Jacobian dX_FM/dq and the geometric Jacobian matrix H_FM. The linear component of the spatial velocity V_FM relates to the time derivative of X_FM by:

  v_FM = V_FM.translational() = dp_FM/dt = Xdot_FM.translational()


where p_FM = X_FM.translational() and Xdot_FM = dX_FM/dt. The time derivative of p_FM can be rewritten as:

  dp_FM/dt = dp_FM/dq * N(q) * v = Hv_FM * v


where Hv_FM denotes the last three rows in H_FM related with the translational component of the Jacobian matrix Therefore:

  Hv_FM = dp_FM/dq(q) * N(q)


Similarly, for the rotational component:

 dR_FM/dt = Xdot_FM.linear() = [w_FM] * R_FM = [Hw_FM * v] * R_FM


where [w_FM] is the cross product matrix of the across-mobilizer angular velocity w_FM, R_FM is the orientation of M in F, and Hw_FM corresponds to the first three rows in H_FM related to the angular component of the geometric Jacobian matrix. The time derivative of the orientation R_FM can be expressed in terms of the analytic Jacobian of R_FM as:

  dR_FM/dt = dR_FM/dq * N(q) * v


These last two equations show that the angular components of the Jacobian matrix Hw_FM are directly related to the gradients of the rotation matrix R_FM. This relationhip is:

  [Hwi_FM(q)] * R_FM(q) = dR_FM/dqi(q) * N(q)


corresponding to the i-th generalized position qi where Hwi_FM(q) is the i-th column of Hw_FM(q) and dR_FM/dqi(q) is the partial derivative of R_FM with respect to the i-th generalized coordinate for this mobilizer.

Active forces and power

The power generated by a mobilizer can be computed in two equivalent ways. That is, the power can be computed in terms of the spatial force F_Mo and the spatial velocity V_FM as:

  P = F_Moᵀ * V_FM


or in terms of the generalized forces tau = H_FMᵀ(q) * F_Mo and the generalized velocities v as:

  P = tauᵀ * v


Notice that spatial forces in the null space of H_FM(q) do not perform any work. Since the result from the previous two expressions must be equal, the Jacobian operator H_FM(q) and the transpose operator H_FMᵀ(q) are constrained by:

  (H_FMᵀ(q) * F) * v = Fᵀ * (H_FM(q) * v), ∀ v ∈ ℝⁿᵛ ∧ F ∈ F⁶


Therefore, this enforces a relationship to the operations implemented by CalcAcrossMobilizerSpatialVelocity() and ProjectSpatialForce() for any Mobilizer object.

• [Jain 2010] Jain, A., 2010. Robot and multibody dynamics: analysis and algorithms. Springer Science & Business Media.
• [Seth 2010] Seth, A., Sherman, M., Eastman, P. and Delp, S., 2010. Minimal formulation of joint motion for biomechanisms. Nonlinear dynamics, 62(1), pp.291-303.
• [Sciavicco 2000] Sciavicco, L. and Siciliano, B., 2000. Modelling and control of robot manipulators, 2nd Edn. Springer.
• [Featherstone 2008] Featherstone, R., 2008. Rigid body dynamics algorithms. Springer.
Template Parameters
 T The scalar type. Must be a valid Eigen scalar.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

 Mobilizer ( const Mobilizer< T > & )
delete
 Mobilizer ( Mobilizer< T > && )
delete
 Mobilizer ( const Frame< T > & inboard_frame, const Frame< T > & outboard_frame )
inline

The minimum amount of information that we need to define a Mobilizer is the knowledge of the inboard and outboard frames it connects.

Subclasses of Mobilizer are therefore required to provide this information in their respective constructors.

Exceptions
 std::runtime_error if inboard_frame and outboard_frame reference the same frame object.

Member Function Documentation

 virtual SpatialAcceleration CalcAcrossMobilizerSpatialAcceleration ( const MultibodyTreeContext< T > & context, const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> & vdot ) const
pure virtual

Computes the across-mobilizer spatial accelerations A_FM(q, v, v̇) of the outboard frame M in the inboard frame F.

This method can be thought of as the application of the operation v̇ ∈ ℝⁿᵛ → M⁶: A_FM(q, v, v̇) = H_FM(q) * v̇ + Ḣ_FM(q) * v, where nv is the number of generalized velocities of this mobilizer (see num_velocities()) and M⁶ is the vector space of "motion vectors" (be aware that while M⁶ is introduced in [Featherstone 2008, Ch. 2] spatial vectors in Drake are not Plücker vectors as in Featherstone's book). Therefore, we say this method is in its operator form; the Jacobian matrix H_FM(q) is not explicitly formed. This method aborts in Debug builds if the dimension of the input vector of generalized accelerations has a size different from num_velocities().

Parameters
 [in] context The context of the parent tree that owns this mobilizer. This mobilizer's generalized positions q and generalized velocities v are taken from this context. [in] vdot The vector of generalized velocities' time derivatives v̇. It must live in ℝⁿᵛ.
Return values
 A_FM The across-mobilizer spatial acceleration of the outboard frame M measured and expressed in the inboard frame F.
 virtual SpatialVelocity CalcAcrossMobilizerSpatialVelocity ( const MultibodyTreeContext< T > & context, const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> & v ) const
pure virtual

Computes the across-mobilizer spatial velocity V_FM(q, v) of the outboard frame M in the inboard frame F.

This method can be thought of as the application of the operator H_FM(q) to the input vector of generalized velocities v, i.e. the output of this method is the application v ∈ ℝⁿᵛ → M⁶: V_FM(q, v) = H_FM(q) * v, where nv is the number of generalized velocities of this mobilizer (see num_velocities()) and M⁶ is the vector space of "motion vectors" (be aware that while M⁶ is introduced in [Featherstone 2008, Ch. 2] spatial velocities in Drake are not Plücker vectors as in Featherstone's book). Therefore we say this method is the operator form of the Jacobian matrix H_FM(q). This method aborts in Debug builds if the dimension of the input vector of generalized velocities has a size different from num_velocities().

Parameters
 [in] context The context of the parent tree that owns this mobilizer. This mobilizer's generalized positions q are inferred from this context. [in] v A vector of generalized velocities. It must live in ℝⁿᵛ.
Return values
 V_FM The across-mobilizer spatial velocity of the outboard frame M measured and expressed in the inboard frame F.
 virtual Isometry3 CalcAcrossMobilizerTransform ( const MultibodyTreeContext< T > & context ) const
pure virtual

Computes the across-mobilizer transform X_FM(q) between the inboard frame F and the outboard frame M as a function of the vector of generalized postions q.

Mobilizer subclasses implementing this method can retrieve the fixed-size vector of generalized positions for this mobilizer from context with:

auto q = this->get_positions(context);

Additionally, context can provide any other parameters the mobilizer could depend on.

 std::unique_ptr > CloneToScalar ( const MultibodyTree< ToScalar > & cloned_tree ) const
inline

NVI to DoCloneToScalar() templated on the scalar type of the new clone to be created.

This method is mostly intended to be called by MultibodyTree::CloneToScalar(). Most users should not call this clone method directly but rather clone the entire parent MultibodyTree if needed.

MultibodyTree::CloneToScalar()

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 virtual std::unique_ptr > CreateBodyNode ( const internal::BodyNode< T > * parent_node, const Body< T > * body, const Mobilizer< T > * mobilizer ) const
pure virtual

For MultibodyTree internal use only.

 virtual std::unique_ptr > DoCloneToScalar ( const MultibodyTree< double > & tree_clone ) const
protectedpure virtual

Clones this Mobilizer (templated on T) to a mobilizer templated on double.

Precondition
Inboard and outboard frames for this mobilizer already have a clone in tree_clone.
 virtual std::unique_ptr > DoCloneToScalar ( const MultibodyTree< AutoDiffXd > & tree_clone ) const
protectedpure virtual

Clones this Mobilizer (templated on T) to a mobilizer templated on AutoDiffXd.

Precondition
Inboard and outboard frames for this mobilizer already have a clone in tree_clone.
 Eigen::VectorBlock > > get_accelerations_from_array ( const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> & vdot_array ) const
inline

Returns a const Eigen expression of the vector of generalized accelerations for this mobilizer from a vector vdot_array of generalized accelerations for the entire MultibodyTree model.

This method aborts if the input array is not of size MultibodyTree::num_velocities().

 Eigen::VectorBlock > > get_generalized_forces_from_array ( const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> & tau_array ) const
inline

Returns a const Eigen expression of the vector of generalized forces for this mobilizer from a vector of generalized forces for the entire MultibodyTree model.

This method aborts if the input array is not of size MultibodyTree::num_velocities().

 Eigen::VectorBlock > > get_mutable_accelerations_from_array ( EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> vdot_array ) const
inline

Mutable version of get_accelerations_from_array().

 Eigen::VectorBlock > > get_mutable_generalized_forces_from_array ( EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> tau_array ) const
inline
 Eigen::VectorBlock > > get_mutable_positions_from_array ( EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> q_array ) const
inline

Mutable version of get_positions_from_array().

 Eigen::VectorBlock > > get_mutable_velocities_from_array ( EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> v_array ) const
inline

Mutable version of get_velocities_from_array().

 Eigen::VectorBlock > > get_positions_from_array ( const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> & q_array ) const
inline

Returns a const Eigen expression of the vector of generalized positions for this mobilizer from a vector q_array of generalized positions for the entire MultibodyTree model.

This method aborts if q_array is not of size MultibodyTree::num_positions().

 const MobilizerTopology& get_topology ( ) const
inline

Returns the topology information for this mobilizer.

Users should not need to call this method since MobilizerTopology is an internal bookkeeping detail.

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 Eigen::VectorBlock > > get_velocities_from_array ( const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> & v_array ) const
inline

Returns a const Eigen expression of the vector of generalized velocities for this mobilizer from a vector v_array of generalized velocities for the entire MultibodyTree model.

This method aborts if the input array is not of size MultibodyTree::num_velocities().

 const Body& inboard_body ( ) const
inline

Returns a constant reference to the body associated with this mobilizer's inboard frame.

 const Frame& inboard_frame ( ) const
inline

Returns a constant reference to the inboard frame.

 virtual void MapQDotToVelocity ( const MultibodyTreeContext< T > & context, const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> & qdot, EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> v ) const
pure virtual

Computes the mapping v = N⁺(q)⋅q̇ from time derivatives of the generalized positions qdot to generalized velocities v, where N⁺(q) is the left pseudo-inverse of N(q) defined by MapVelocityToQDot().

The generalized positions vector is stored in context.

 virtual void MapVelocityToQDot ( const MultibodyTreeContext< T > & context, const Eigen::Ref< const VectorX< T >> & v, EigenPtr< VectorX< T >> qdot ) const
pure virtual

Computes the kinematic mapping q̇ = N(q)⋅v between generalized velocities v and time derivatives of the generalized positions qdot.

The generalized positions vector is stored in context.

 virtual int num_positions ( ) const
pure virtual

Returns the number of generalized coordinates granted by this mobilizer.

As an example, consider RevoluteMobilizer, for which num_positions() == 1 since RevoluteMobilizer adds a single generalized coordinate representing the rotational degree of freedom about a given axis between the inboard and outboard frames. Another example would be a 6 DOF "free" mobilizer internally using a quaternion representation to parametrize free rotations and a position vector to parametrize free translations; this method would return 7 (a quaternion plus a position vector).

num_velocities()
 virtual int num_velocities ( ) const
pure virtual

Returns the number of generalized velocities granted by this mobilizer.

Given that all physics occurs in the generalized velocities space, the number of generalized velocities exactly matches the number of degrees of freedom granted by the mobilizer. As an example, consider RevoluteMobilizer, for which num_velocities() == 1 since for RevoluteMobilizer its one and only generalized velocity describes the magnitude of the angular velocity about a given axis between the inboard and outboard frames.

num_positions()
 Mobilizer& operator= ( Mobilizer< T > && )
delete
 Mobilizer& operator= ( const Mobilizer< T > & )
delete
 const Body& outboard_body ( ) const
inline

Returns a constant reference to the body associated with this mobilizer's outboard frame.

 const Frame& outboard_frame ( ) const
inline

Returns a constant reference to the outboard frame.

 virtual void ProjectSpatialForce ( const MultibodyTreeContext< T > & context, const SpatialForce< T > & F_Mo_F, Eigen::Ref< VectorX< T >> tau ) const
pure virtual

Projects the spatial force F_Mo on this mobilizer's outboard frame M onto the sub-space of motions spanned by the geometric Jacobian H_FM(q) to obtain the generalized forces tau (i.e.

the active components of F_Mo).

CalcAcrossMobilizerSpatialVelocity() and this class' documentation for the definition of the geometric Jacobian H_FM(q).

This method can be thought of as the application of the transpose operator H_FMᵀ(q) to the input spatial force F_Mo_F, i.e. the output of this method is the application F_Mo_F ∈ F⁶ → ℝⁿᵛ: tau = H_FMᵀ(q) * F_Mo_F, where nv is the number of generalized velocities of this mobilizer (see num_velocities()) and F⁶ is the vector space of "force vectors" (be aware that while F⁶ is introduced in [Featherstone 2008, Ch. 2] spatial forces in Drake are not Plücker vectors as in Featherstone's book). Therefore we say this method is the operator form of the Jacobian matrix transpose H_FMᵀ(q). This method aborts in Debug builds if the dimension of the output vector of generalized forces has a size different from num_velocities().

Parameters
 [in] context The context of the parent tree that owns this mobilizer. This mobilizer's generalized positions q are stored in this context. [in] F_Mo_F A SpatialForce applied at this mobilizer's outboard frame origin Mo, expressed in the inboard frame F.
Return values
 tau The vector of generalized forces. It must live in ℝⁿᵛ.
 void set_zero_configuration ( systems::Context< T > * context ) const
inline

Sets the state stored in context to a zero configuration as defined by set_zero_state().

See set_zero_state() for details.

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 virtual void set_zero_state ( const systems::Context< T > & context, systems::State< T > * state ) const
pure virtual

Sets the state to what will be considered to be the zero configuration for this mobilizer.

For most mobilizers the zero configuration corresponds to the value of generalized positions at which the inboard frame F and the outboard frame coincide or, in other words, when X_FM = Id is the identity pose. In the general case however, the zero configuration will correspond to a value of the generalized positions for which X_FM = X_FM_ref where X_FM_ref may generally be different from the identity transformation. In other words, X_FM_ref = CalcAcrossMobilizerTransform(ref_context) where ref_context is a Context storing a State set to the zero configuration with set_zero_state(). In addition, all generalized velocities are set to zero in the zero configuration.

Most often the zero configuration will correspond to setting the vector of generalized positions related to this mobilizer to zero. However, in the general case, setting all generalized coordinates to zero does not correspond to the zero configuration and it might even not represent a mathematicaly valid one. Consider for instance a quaternion mobilizer, for which its zero configuration corresponds to the quaternion [1, 0, 0, 0].

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file: